技术创新的激励机制研究

本通过引入激励经济学的思想来探讨解决目前我国技术创新中的激励不足问题。本从分析具体的激励模型（包括简单激励模型、多代理任务模型和自我选择模型）入手，并进行模型的推广应用，通过选择性的讨论，针对技术创新的具体问题提出激励机制设计思想和政策建议。     

高技术产业技术创新与产业集聚协同发展实证研究——基于京津冀、长三角、珠三角的比较

运用复合系统协同度模型, 测算了2010~2018年京津冀、长三角、珠三角高技术产业及其细分行业的技术创新与产业集聚协同度. 结果表明 在研究期内, 高技术产业技术创新与产业集聚协同度总体在低位运行, 大部分处于未协同和较低水平协同, 且技术创新发展在2014年后明显快于产业集聚; 京津冀、长三角均处于初始阶段向成长阶段过渡时期, 珠三角则相对领先, 逐渐向协作阶段跨越; 京津冀在航空、航天器及设备制造业上最具协同优势, 长三角在医药制造业、医疗仪器设备及仪器仪表制造业上向协作阶段过渡的优势明显, 珠三角在电子及通信设备制造业、医疗仪器设备及仪器仪表制造业上有向协作阶段发展的势头.     

The definition of the toxicologically relevant applicability domain for the SNAr reaction for substituted pyridines and pyrimidines

This study outlines how results from a glutathione reactivity assay (so-called in chemico data) can be used to define the applicability domain for the nucleophilic aromatic substitution (S_NAr) reaction for nitrogen-containing aromatic compounds. S_NAr is one of the six mechanistic domains that have been shown to be important in toxicological endpoints in which the ability to bind covalently to a protein is a key molecular initiating event. This study has analysed experimental data (2 h RC₅₀ values), allowing a clear and interpretable structure–activity relationship to be developed for pyridines and pyrimidines which reside within the S_NAr domain. The in-ring nitrogen(s) act as activating groups in the S_NAr reaction. The position(s) of the in-ring nitrogen(s) as well as other activating groups, especially in relationship to the leaving group, affect reactive potency. The experimentally defined applicability domain has resulted in a series of structural alerts. These results build on early work on the benzene derivatives residing in the S_NAr domain. The definition of the applicability domain for the S_NAr reaction and the resulting structural alerts are likely to be beneficial in the development of computational tools for category formation and read-across in hazard identification, and the development of adverse outcome pathways.     

添加CaSO4·2H2O为晶种制备磷石膏半水硫酸钙晶须

以固体废弃物磷石膏为原料,在传统常压醇水热法的基础上添加CaSO₄·2H₂O为晶种制备半水硫酸钙晶须。采用单因素试验法探究了晶种含量、丙三醇含量和磷石膏质量分数对晶须结构和形貌的影响,确定晶须的最佳制备工艺条件。采用SEM和XRD对样品进行表征分析,实验结果表明:添加CaSO₄·2H₂O晶种制备晶须的长径比(49.29)比只添加丙三醇的样品的长径比(30.99)提高了近60%;当丙三醇与水的体积比(V)为1、晶种含量为1%、磷石膏质量分数为5%时制备的晶须的平均直径为0.65 μm,长径比达到了62.15,晶须的尺寸均匀。这说明添加1%CaSO₄·2H₂O晶种、V为1的丙三醇和质量分数为5%的磷石膏在常压下能制备出高长径比和尺寸均匀的半水硫酸钙晶须。     

射频CO2激光用于轧辊毛化的实验研究

分析了轧辊材料在温度发生变化时对激光吸收系数的影响和毛化加工时各种工艺参数对毛化点的影响.针对Diamond K-50射频激励CO2激光器对轧辊毛化的实验,分析了激光脉冲宽度、重复频率以及毛化扫描速度等参数对毛化点的大小和椭圆度的影响,其中激光脉冲宽度与毛化点大小成线性关系,在脉宽为50～400μs时,毛化点椭圆短轴直径可达90～260μm,满足所需要的毛化加工要求.     

管理有效性与管理贡献率的测算

生产单元的管理有效性具体体现在优化配置所有参与生产过程的物质资源和人力资源,适时调整生产规模.在这一含义之下,利用等效益面生产函数可将一个生产单元的经济增长分解为三个要素的代数和.他们分别是投入要素的贡献、技术进步和管理效应.其中管理贡献反映的是技术效率的改善,其本质就是偏要素生产率的变化和规模效应即资源配置效率.在其离散型分解式的基础上,可以根据这些要素的不同变化情况,进一步测算管理贡献率.基于等效益面生产函数上的管理贡献率测算方法同时考虑了管理有效性概念的内涵和外延,具有明确的经济意义和几何意义.     

Scale‐free power‐laws as interaction between progress and diffusion

While scale‐free power‐laws are frequently found in social and technological systems, their authenticity, origin, and gained insights are often questioned, and rightfully so. The article presents a newly found rank‐frequency power‐law that aligns the top‐500 supercomputers according to their performance. Pursuing a cautious approach in a systematic way, we check for authenticity, evaluate several potential generative mechanisms, and ask the “so what” question. We evaluate and finally reject the applicability of well‐known potential generative mechanisms such as preferential attachment, self‐organized criticality, optimization, and random observation. Instead, the microdata suggest that an inverse relationship between exponential technological progress and exponential technology diffusion through social networks results in the identified fat‐tail distribution. This newly identified generative mechanism suggests that the supply and demand of technology (“technology push” and “demand pull”) align in exponential synchronicity, providing predictive insights into the evolution of highly uncertain technology markets. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 19: 56–65, 2014     

利用回归分析对正交试验结果进行修正

本文以纱线上浆率工艺参数正交试验为实例 ,利用回归分析的方法加以验证和修正 ,使工艺参数更符合实际情况 ,说明两种方法有较好的互补性 .     

工程场地的特征与工程地质分区

工程场地与城市在空间尺度上相去甚远 ,但工程场地所具备的与环境行为相近的共性 ,使其属性分析可以推广应用到城市建设所面对的整个工程地质环境。从这一意义上说 ,工程场地是整个城市宏观工程地质环境的微观单元 ,众多微观单元的组合构成了环境的宏观总体。为此 ,工程场地的三大属性———特性、适宜性、稳定性 ,可以作为城市工程地质环境分析中分析方法的基础。从工程场地分析推广到城市工程地质环境分析 ,还将有助于保证城市工程地质环境分析的定量化水平。     

企业科技行为系统的评价体系研究

现代企业科技行为属于高阶非线性系统行为，对其运行的评价应采用系统评价的思想和方法进行。本文确定了现代企业科技行为系统评价的基本准则，构建了评价的指标体系；提出了各指标值的归一化处理方法以及各指标权重的确定方法